Go Back   FormKaos: Board > General Discussion > Coffee Lounge

Coffee Lounge Talk amongst other community members.

Reply
 
LinkBack Topic Tools Rate Topic
  #1 (permalink)  
Old Feb 05, 05
24.85.132.60
 
Join Date: Jul 2003
BongMan will become famous soon enoughBongMan will become famous soon enough
New Non-Lethal US weapon

Just saw this on another forum seems like a good way to controll a hostile crowd Microwave technology
Reply With Quote
  #2 (permalink)  
Old Feb 05, 05
mapleleaf4ever's Avatar
sweet sensi crew
 
Join Date: Jan 2004
mapleleaf4ever is a jewel in the roughmapleleaf4ever is a jewel in the roughmapleleaf4ever is a jewel in the roughmapleleaf4ever is a jewel in the roughmapleleaf4ever is a jewel in the rough
What you mean? You could strap yourself with Bags of Microwave Popcorn and overrun those defenses!
Reply With Quote
  #3 (permalink)  
Old Feb 05, 05
24.85.132.60
 
Join Date: Jul 2003
BongMan will become famous soon enoughBongMan will become famous soon enough
lol


mmmm popcorn
Reply With Quote
  #4 (permalink)  
Old Feb 05, 05
dumb it down, would ya?
 
Join Date: Dec 2001
crookedking has much to be proud ofcrookedking has much to be proud ofcrookedking has much to be proud ofcrookedking has much to be proud ofcrookedking has much to be proud ofcrookedking has much to be proud ofcrookedking has much to be proud ofcrookedking has much to be proud ofcrookedking has much to be proud ofcrookedking has much to be proud ofcrookedking has much to be proud of
zap em full of radiation boys!
Reply With Quote
  #5 (permalink)  
Old Feb 05, 05
semblence within chaos.
 
Join Date: May 2003
decypher is a jewel in the roughdecypher is a jewel in the roughdecypher is a jewel in the roughdecypher is a jewel in the roughdecypher is a jewel in the rough
They just sterilize all the protestors so they can't procreate, genius!
Reply With Quote
  #6 (permalink)  
Old Feb 05, 05
b-FlUId N-LoseIt-nMusic
 
Join Date: Jul 2004
wikid is an unknown quantity at this point
Thats fuckin sick - they get mad at Iraq for making these supposed 'weapons of mass destruction' and here the US is making radiation powered microwaves to fry them - instead of nuking them now were nooking them. *shakes head sadly* another example of our 'elustrious' neighboors.
Reply With Quote
  #7 (permalink)  
Old Feb 05, 05
24.85.132.60
 
Join Date: Jul 2003
BongMan will become famous soon enoughBongMan will become famous soon enough
^^ If you read the whole artical they arnt nuking hense the name non-lethal it creates a burning sensation like an intense sunburn should make some think twice about inciting riots and the such.. Lot better then metal bullets if you ask me..
Reply With Quote
  #8 (permalink)  
Old Feb 05, 05
~FuK ^ DavÊ~
 
Join Date: Sep 2003
NeVeRLooKBacK is an unknown quantity at this point
Quote:
Originally Posted by decypher
They just sterilize all the protestors so they can't procreate, genius!
I wonder if this thought had ever crossed their minds?
Reply With Quote
  #9 (permalink)  
Old Feb 05, 05
semblence within chaos.
 
Join Date: May 2003
decypher is a jewel in the roughdecypher is a jewel in the roughdecypher is a jewel in the roughdecypher is a jewel in the roughdecypher is a jewel in the rough
Quote:
Originally Posted by NeVeRLooKBacK
I wonder if this thought had ever crossed their minds?
i dunno but i think i should be hired into their domestic think tanks!
Reply With Quote
  #10 (permalink)  
Old Feb 05, 05
Registered
 
Join Date: Jan 2003
PHUNK is an unknown quantity at this point
thats just one of tesla's designs. its not anything new.
Reply With Quote
  #11 (permalink)  
Old Feb 05, 05
24.85.132.60
 
Join Date: Jul 2003
BongMan will become famous soon enoughBongMan will become famous soon enough
ya but it is to be deployed by sept 05 which is somthing 6 humvee mounted and 6 striker mounted weapons platforms..
Reply With Quote
  #12 (permalink)  
Old Feb 05, 05
aCID Deity
 
Join Date: Aug 2004
aCiDPt is an unknown quantity at this point
sum other new toys they workin on

New Laser Technologies for Infantry Warfare, Counterinsurgency Ops, and LE Apps
Posted on Monday, January 17 @ 15:41:56 PST by davidc


by David Crane
david@defensereview.com


In the future, our infantry forces might employ non-lethal "laser dazzlers" to blind and disorient enemy soldiers, insurgents, and terrorists in order to capture them alive and preclude the need to kill them, so we can interrogate them. Or, the high-tech weapons can be used as a precursor to firing lethal munitions. The development of these "stun" lasers is of course in congruence with the development of highly lethal weapons-grade lasers that can be used on everything from men to missiles (provided anti-personnel use complies with Hague). Either way, things aren't really looking too good for the enemy.

The real breakthrough allowing infantry warfare application of these non-lethal laser weapons systems is the development of a system that can overcome anti-laser goggles and contact lenses, which are able to filter out laser light, and thus counter the laser's blinding and/or disorienting effect. Apparently, scientists at the University of New Hampshire (UNH) have been working on an adaptive laser dazzler that can counter/overcome these anti-laser specs. Funding for the project came from the DoD-backed Non-Lethal Technology Innovation Center (NTIC). According to Noah Shachtman of DefenseTech.org, here's how the new laser system works:...

"The machine sends out an initial laser pulse, to look for where a lens is, and how much it's being shielded. The reflected glint from the lens gives away both its position and its level of protection. The device then changes the power and direction of its second blast, so that the lens is overwhelmed." NTIC Director Glenn Schwaery describes the process like this: "If someone puts on sunglasses on, it measures the reflection, and then it gives off a brighter flash, to compensate."



Mr. Shachtman has written a very informative piece on several non-lethal infantry warfare-application laser systems, including the UNH-developed laser dazzler described above, for Military.com SoldierTech. Another laser system he discusses in the article is the Saber 203 Laser Illuminator, which which has a range of 300 meters, using a laser that's generated by a state-of-the-art semiconductor that's been fitted inside a standard, unmodified M203 40mm grenade launcher. The Saber 203 is being developed by the Directed Energy Directorate (DE) of the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). Here's what the DE/AFRL has to say about the Saber 203 Laser Illuminator:

"The Saber 203 Laser Illuminator temporarily impairs an adversary’s ability to fire a weapon or to otherwise threaten friendly forces. Designed by the Laser Division of the Air Force Research Laboratory’s Directed Energy Directorate for military and law enforcement agencies, the non-lethal Saber 203 briefly illuminates an opponent with harmless, low-power laser light. Realizing he has been targeted, the aggressor hides or flees rather than risk death by aiming his weapon and attracting defensive fire.

Having an effective range of 300 meters, Saber 203 uses a state-of-the-art semiconductor laser specially fitted into an unmodified M-203 40-millimeter grenade launcher. Boresighted for accuracy, the grenade launcher is attached to a standard M-16 combat rifle.

The Saber 203 system has two parts. A hard plastic capsule about the size and shape of a 40-millimeter grenade houses the laser emitter. An operator loads the capsule into the launcher like an actual grenade. The second component is a small control box that snaps on to the launcher’s underside. A button on the control box “fires” the laser in a continuous beam to illuminate a target. In an emergency, the capsule can be ejected quickly and replaced with a grenade.

Lightweight, simple to operate, and easy to handle, Saber 203 can also be used as a laser designator. It can counter night vision devices. Saber 203 was used successfully in 1995 by U.S. Marines in Somalia during Operation United Shield.

The successes of the Saber 203 has led to the system being picked up by an Electronic System Center’s system program office for actual commercialization, sale and deployment. Units in the field should soon have a very effective, non-lethal choice of action."

Hm. DefRev must say that we don't really like the idea of converting perfectly functional and lethal M203's to less-lethal light-emitting devices designed to scare the enemy into submission. Let's just hope that our faithful soldier equipped with a Sabre 203 doesn't run into any situations that require the employment of 40mm grenades to solve, like aggressive and determined insurgents or terrorists.



The DE/AFRL is also developing a Humvee (HMMWV)-mounted non-lethal laser system called the Battlefield Optical Surveillance System, or BOSS. Here's how they describe the system:

"The Battlefield Optical Surveillance System, or BOSS, is a grouping of lasers, optics, sensors and communications equipment mounted on a High Mobility Multi-purpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV, pronounced “humvee”). Initially envisioned as a mobile counter sniper platform, BOSS has evolved into a working concept of a covert surveillance/detection system with the ability to visibly--or invisibly--designate a battlefield threat. BOSS has the following components that can be powered by either an external gas-powered generator on the HMMWV or through a bank of batteries for more covert operations:

Forward Looking Infrared (FLIR): Sees in the 8-12 micron range of the spectrum, detecting temperature differences between bodies that can easily see hot vehicle components from the heat they generate.

Infrared Camera/Illuminator: Uses backscattered infrared (808 nanometers) illumination to light up an area of interest at distances up to one kilometer. Optical Augmentation (glint) from an individual’s rifle scope/binoculars or even a person's retinas provides a means of detecting that individual. Variable focus on the illumination/camera can then determine, without alerting the suspect, whether the person is carrying weaponry or is moving suspiciously. The infrared laser can also be used to covertly designate (spotlight) a person for night vision capable forces.

Visible Laser: A doubled Nd/YAG (green) laser or an optional red laser can also be used to visibly designate a threatening individual. The threatening individual’s reaction to visible illumination can help determine his intent: if hostile, direct force can be used, and if non-hostile, firing lethal rounds can be averted. As used in the battlefield, both lasers will not harm eyes.

Microwave Relay: Allows the operator to transmit the Forward Looking Infrared and Infrared camera video to a command post, up to 10 miles away.

In operation, BOSS requires two people: a driver and an operator. From the passenger-side back seat, the operator controls all imaging systems and the lasers (infrared and visible). Two remotely controlled gimbals on a turret on the roof of the HMMWV hold the optics and lasers. The lasers and battery power systems are housed inside the vehicle, behind the operator. Forward Looking Infrared video and Infrared camera video are displayed on screens at the operator’s console. The video signals are transmitted to the command post via the microwave relay."

Click here to read Noah Shachtman's Military.com SoldierTech Article, titled "BEDAZZLED: 'Laser Dazzler' Beams Disorient Enemies". Military.com SoldierTech is a DefenseReview.com content partner.



It should perhaps be noted that Noah's article doesn't contain any information on the original Laser Dazzler™ Non-Lethal Laser Weapon developed by LE Technologies, LLC, which is now based out of Holiday, FL. According to the company's product information page on the Laser Dazzler™, the device "engages the target in a wall of green laser light overloading the optic nerve rendering the subject nearly sightless for a brief period of time." Hopefully, the compensating technology being developed by the University of New Hampshire (UNH) team can pe applied to the Laser Dazzler™.

Anway, here's what the company has to say about the potential military applications of the technology:

The desirability of the Laser Dazzler™ for “peacekeeping” missions can be vividly demonstrated on the evening news from the Middle East.

Rock throwing mobs can be neutralized by taking away their vision. While they are stunned by the light, military personnel can close the distance and bring the ringleaders into custody with minimal personal risk and without firing a shot.

The need for non-lethal technology in the military is expanding. Particularly on peacekeeping missions, the application of deadly physical force is strictly controlled, and area commanders have a real need for force they can use without creating an international incident.

The company lists the following military-applicable uses for the technology:

- The ability to create a greater standoff distance or de-escalate a potentially violent encounter with non-lethal technology can greatly improve the politically sensitive peacekeeping role
- Embassy and Government Building Security
- The ability of the individual soldier to apply non-lethal force from a distance
- Search and Reconnaissance Missions
- Shipboard and Perimeter defense systems
- When coupled with a motion detection system, the Laser Dazzler™ is an ideal non-lethal passive perimeter defense system.
- Integrated Robotic and Drone Applications
- Weapons Integration
- Higher Powered Laser Dazzler™ Technology through the 100 kilowatt range
- Coast Guard applications for boarding, search and seizure missions
- Robotic and drone applications will reduce human intervention and possible serious injury or fatal incidents




LE Technologies, LLC believes that law enforcement SWAT/SRT teams and LEO First Responders can also benefit from the Laser Dazzler™ technology. Here's the company's literature on SWAT/SRT applications for the Laser Dazzler™:

"When a well-trained team swings into action it can be a thing of beauty to behold. Honed by hours of practice, each squad member knows his role and understands the need to cover his teammates. A sequence of individual movements is choreographed into a cohesive whole as officers maneuver into position.

Suddenly someone peeks out a window for no apparent reason and the team is exposed. Shoot to kill and risk hitting the wrong person? Or do nothing as the SWAT Team's movements are exposed, and risk the lives of your fellow officers?

Now there is a third choice. Laser down the window and deny all within any view of the exterior. Sure they know something is happening, but they don't know from whom or where the threat is coming. Laser Dazzlertm will deny vision to an entire side of a house, without inadvertently harming friend or foe. If there is armed resistance from the target they will be firing blind while the sniper cover officer has them illuminated in his scope. And if there is a child with a teddy bear peeking out his window, everyone will live to laugh about it later."

For LEO Patrol High Risk Motor Vehicle Stops:

"A lonely stretch of highway, a single officer stops a suspicious driver harboring felonious intent. Is he armed? Is he dangerous? Is he waiting to make his move? Or is he a law-abiding citizen hurrying home to a loving family? How to stay safe while searching for answers is what training is all about. But even more than training, a good officer sometimes needs an edge. Laser Dazzler™ can be that edge.

As the suspect vehicle is pulled to the shoulder, the Laser Dazzler™ is directed toward the side view mirror. Immediately the interior of the subject's car is bathed in a blinding green light. Unseen behind the "optical wall" the officer approaches carefully looking for weapons, searching for clues, demanding answers. All from a position of relative safety as the driver sees only green, from top to bottom, left to right.

A suspect is in no position to assess his chances of escape because he cannot see the road ahead or the officer behind. And if the officer is wrong and his abundance of caution has been employed against the governor of the state himself, no harm no foul. Laser Dazzler™ is non-lethal and eye safe at the aperture, and we're confident the governor would approve."

Click here to download and view a video simulation of Laser Dazzler employment during a High Risk Motor Vehicle Stop.

For LEO First Responder Emotionally Disturbed Person (EDP) Response:

"An Emotionally Disturbed Person call is challenging for any law enforcement agency. Logic might dictate talking an EDP "down", but compassion must be tempered by caution, for although frequently more of a danger to themselves than others, an EDP call is by definition an illogical encounter.

Laser Dazzler's™ offers the tactical officer on the scene a way to interact with an EDP without inflicting pain. Maneuvering behind the optical wall effect, officers can apprehend the suspect before he or she knows they are near. And at the end of the day, the needs of the Emotionally Disturbed Person and society's needs for order in public spaces are met in a humane fashion."

Click here to download and view a video simulation of Laser Dazzler employment during an EDP response.

Click here to download and view a video simulation of Laser Dazzler employment during a burglary in progress.

Here's the contact info for the Non-Lethal Technology Innovation Center (NTIC) team at the University of New Hampshire (UNH):

Director: Glenn Shwaery
Program Coordinator: Patty O'Neil
NTIC at the University of New Hampshire
Kingsbury Hall
33 College Road
Durham, NH 03824 USA
Email: ntic@unh.edu
Voice 603 862 4540
Fax 603 862 0700

Here's the contact info for the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory:

Air Force Research Laboratory
Office of Public Affairs
3550 Aberdeen Avenue S.E., Kirtland AFB NM 87117-5776
(505) 846-1911; Fax (505) 846-0423
http://www.de.afrl.af.mil/Factsheets/
afrl.public.affairs@kirtland.af.mil

Here's the LE Technologies, LLC list of contacts, if you'd like to get more info on the Laser Dazzler™ Non-Lethal Laser Weapon:

Corporate Office:
Raymond James Tower
Suite 422
2739 US Hwy 19
Holiday, FL 34691
727 - 937 - 3600 (Office)
727 - 937 - 0799 (Fax)
tac@letechlaser.com

President / COO:
Michael Flanigan
716-330-9126 (Office)
716-393-4364 (Fax)
mdf@letechlaser.com

CFO:
Richard Flanigan
Corporate Office
727 - 937 - 3600 (Office)
727 - 937 - 0799 (Fax)
ref@letechlaser.com

Project Engineer:
Richard Nelson
Research and Development Office
860 - 633-0459 (Office)
860 - 291-9475 (Fax)
rjn@letechlaser.com

Director of Training and Application Development:
Jay D. Kehoe
Research and Development Office
860 - 633-0459 (Office)
860 - 291-9475 (Fax)
jdk@letechlaser.com
Reply With Quote
  #13 (permalink)  
Old Feb 05, 05
24.85.132.60
 
Join Date: Jul 2003
BongMan will become famous soon enoughBongMan will become famous soon enough
wow Yun thats a long asss read
Reply With Quote
  #14 (permalink)  
Old Feb 05, 05
aCID Deity
 
Join Date: Aug 2004
aCiDPt is an unknown quantity at this point
alright herez summary
laser go bzzzzz
"bad guys" go ahhhh i'm blind and proceeds to run around aimlessly till they fall in2 a ditch & can't ge tup
Reply With Quote
  #15 (permalink)  
Old Feb 05, 05
24.85.132.60
 
Join Date: Jul 2003
BongMan will become famous soon enoughBongMan will become famous soon enough
who needed a summery I read it was a good read..
Reply With Quote
  #16 (permalink)  
Old Feb 05, 05
mapleleaf4ever's Avatar
sweet sensi crew
 
Join Date: Jan 2004
mapleleaf4ever is a jewel in the roughmapleleaf4ever is a jewel in the roughmapleleaf4ever is a jewel in the roughmapleleaf4ever is a jewel in the roughmapleleaf4ever is a jewel in the rough
Quote:
Originally Posted by BongMan
Lot better then metal bullets if you ask me..
Pfft... Non-Lethal munitions are for people that don't mean Business. If you ask me, a couple live-rounds over top of a crowd will make them scatter quicker than hitting a couple with Rubber Bullets etc.
Reply With Quote
  #17 (permalink)  
Old Feb 05, 05
aCID Deity
 
Join Date: Aug 2004
aCiDPt is an unknown quantity at this point
^ = public relations disaster
world perception & sympathies will definately be on ur side
Reply With Quote
  #18 (permalink)  
Old Feb 05, 05
aCID Deity
 
Join Date: Aug 2004
aCiDPt is an unknown quantity at this point
but herez a cooler laser just for u eric

Mobile / Tactical High Energy Laser
(M-THEL) Technology Demonstration Program

Developer: Northrop Grumman Corp.











The fixed-site version Advanced Concept Technology Demonstration (ACTD) Tactical High Energy Laser (THEL) THEL, was developed by TRW Inc. under a $89 million contract. During several tests in the USA, the system has shot down 25 Katyusha rockets, but has not been deployed.

The system also known as Nautilus, has not progressed much since the end of the demonstration program, since the lack of mobility and the fixed base limitations of the system made in insufficient to counter long range rockets currently employed by Hezbulla at the Israeli northern border with Lebanon. While Katyusha rockets had a range of 20 kilometers, and could hit only a few urban targets, the long range rockets have a range of 70 kilometers and can hit strategic facilities and large urban areas in the Haifa bay. A laser-based defense against such weapons must rely on more systems, which could be rapidly mobilized to protect a much larger area. Such design is currently being implemented under the MTHEL program. Similar threats could face US contingencies in other parts of the world. This requirement is driving the need for an air-mobile version of the beam weapon.

Mobile Tactical High Energy Laser (MTHEL)
A study completed in 2001 concluded that the rocket interceptor has "lots of promise" and further development should be pursued, primarily in enabling system's mobility. Mobility considerations for the future mobile systems include system mobility (road and off road capabilities) and air transportability, including the type of



transport aircraft it should fit on (C-130, C-17 or C-5). Conclusions of these studies will define the necessary size- reduction technologies required for the future version.

Further studies of the system include the use of such laser beam weapons to provide "hard kill" defenses against artillery projectiles, UAVs and cruise missiles.

During a recent test conducted on Aug. 24, 2004 the system shot down multiple mortar rounds, demonstrating potential its battlefield application for to protection against common threats. The test represented actual mortar threat scenarios. Targets were intercepted by the THEL testbed and destroyed; both single mortar rounds and salvo were tested.



Above: Sequence of a rocket intercept demonstration by e THEL laser, September 2000. In these photos, THEL/ACTD laser spot focus on the warhead (top) of the 5 inch diameter rocket, and detonate it (center), thus effectively "neutralizing" the rocket. The gases emitted by the explosion create excessive drag which tears the fragmentation casing into several parts which continue on their ballistic trajectory. (bottom of image series) Inside right: THEL Radar and fire control system





Above: Sequence of a rocket intercept demonstration by e THEL laser, September 2000. In these photos, THEL/ACTD laser spot focus on the warhead (top) of the 5 inch diameter rocket, and detonate it (center), thus effectively "neutralizing" the rocket. The gases emitted by the explosion create excessive drag which tears the fragmentation casing into several parts which continue on their ballistic trajectory. (bottom of image series) Inside right: THEL Radar and fire control system

THEL / MTHEL Operational Scenario
The Tactical High Energy Laser uses a high-energy, deuterium fluoride chemical laser to protect against attack by short range unguided (ballistic flying) rockets.

In a typical engagement scenario, a rocket is launched toward the defended area. Upon detection by the THEL fire control radar (image on right), the radar establishes trajectory information about the incoming rocket, then "hands off" the target to the pointer-tracker subsystem, which includes the beam director (top of page above). The PTS tracks the target optically, then begins a "fine tracking" process for THEL's beam director, which then places THEL's high-energy laser on target. The energy of the laser causes intense heating of the target, which causes its warhead to explode. The debris from the target falls quickly to the ground, far short of the defended area.

The purpose of the MTHEL program is to develop and test the first mobile Directed Energy weapon system capable of detecting, tracking, engaging, and defeating Rockets/Artillery/Mortars (RAM), cruise missiles, short-range ballistic missiles, and unmanned aerial vehicles.
Reply With Quote
  #19 (permalink)  
Old Feb 05, 05
mapleleaf4ever's Avatar
sweet sensi crew
 
Join Date: Jan 2004
mapleleaf4ever is a jewel in the roughmapleleaf4ever is a jewel in the roughmapleleaf4ever is a jewel in the roughmapleleaf4ever is a jewel in the roughmapleleaf4ever is a jewel in the rough
^ Yah... this has been in the works since the early '90s. PR Disaster? HA! That's what spin-doctors and control of the mass media is for my friend.
Reply With Quote
  #20 (permalink)  
Old Feb 05, 05
aCID Deity
 
Join Date: Aug 2004
aCiDPt is an unknown quantity at this point
spinned like abu ghrib & the gulf war 2?
they hardly got out of it lookin like the "good guys"
Reply With Quote
  #21 (permalink)  
Old Feb 05, 05
mapleleaf4ever's Avatar
sweet sensi crew
 
Join Date: Jan 2004
mapleleaf4ever is a jewel in the roughmapleleaf4ever is a jewel in the roughmapleleaf4ever is a jewel in the roughmapleleaf4ever is a jewel in the roughmapleleaf4ever is a jewel in the rough
heh heh I know, sucks to be them. When I take power, shit's going down.
Reply With Quote
  #22 (permalink)  
Old Feb 05, 05
aCID Deity
 
Join Date: Aug 2004
aCiDPt is an unknown quantity at this point
i'll trade u a sip of my beer for new caledonia & french polynesia when u take power?
Reply With Quote
  #23 (permalink)  
Old Feb 06, 05
dumb it down, would ya?
 
Join Date: Dec 2001
crookedking has much to be proud ofcrookedking has much to be proud ofcrookedking has much to be proud ofcrookedking has much to be proud ofcrookedking has much to be proud ofcrookedking has much to be proud ofcrookedking has much to be proud ofcrookedking has much to be proud ofcrookedking has much to be proud ofcrookedking has much to be proud ofcrookedking has much to be proud of
don't do it erik!

you can get at least a full beer for that deal.
Reply With Quote
  #24 (permalink)  
Old Feb 06, 05
kickitliketae-bo
 
Join Date: Oct 2002
Ragga_Wh0re will become famous soon enoughRagga_Wh0re will become famous soon enough
muy interestante.
Reply With Quote
  #25 (permalink)  
Old Feb 06, 05
Barstar.
 
Join Date: Jan 2003
e_BoY is an unknown quantity at this point
thats halarious
Reply With Quote
Reply

Topic Tools
Rate This Topic
Rate This Topic:

Posting Rules
You may not post new threads
You may not post replies
You may not post attachments
You may not edit your posts

BB code is On
Smilies are On
[IMG] code is On
HTML code is Off
Trackbacks are On
Pingbacks are On
Refbacks are On

Forum Jump


All times are GMT -7. The time now is 04:46 AM.


Forum software by vBulletin
Circa 2000 FNK.CA