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More on MDMA
here ya go...hope this helps...
MDMA is a stimulant whose psychedelic effects can last between 4 and 6 hours and it is usually taken orally in pill form. The psychological effects of MDMA include confusion, depression, anxiety, sleeplessness, drug craving, and paranoia. Adverse physical effects include muscle tension, involuntary teeth clenching, nausea, blurred vision, feeling faint, tremors, rapid eye movement, and sweating or chills. Because of MDMA’s ability to increase heart rate and blood pressure, an extra risk is involved with MDMA ingestion for people with circulatory problems or heart disease. Rave party attendees who ingest MDMA are at risk of dehydration, hyperthermia, and heart or kidney failure. These risks are due to a combination of the drug’s stimulant effect, which allows the user to dance for long periods of time, and the hot, crowded atmosphere of rave parties. The combination of crowded all-night dance parties and MDMA use has been reported to cause fatalities. Research shows that MDMA causes damage to the parts of the brain that are critical to thought and memory. MDMA increases the activity levels of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine. The drug causes the release of the neurotransmitters from their storage sites, which increases brain activity. By releasing large amounts of the neurotransmitters and also interfering with neurotransmitter synthesis, MDMA causes a significant depletion in the neurotransmitters. It takes the brain a significant length of time to rebuild the amount of serotonin and other neurotransmitters needed to perform important functions. In addition to the dangers associated with MDMA itself, users are also at risk of being given a substitute drug. For example, PMA (paramethoxyamphetamine) is an illicit, synthetic hallucinogen that has stimulant effects similar to MDMA. However, when users take PMA believing they are ingesting MDMA, they often think they have taken weak ecstasy because PMA’s effects take longer to appear. They then ingest more of the substance to attain a better high, which can result in death by overdose. Adulterants may be added to ecstasy without the user’s knowledge, resulting in additional danger to the user. According to the November 2002 Pulse Check report, ecstasy adulterants in Memphis included mescaline and methamphetamine, while in Los Angeles adulterants included codeine, dextromethorphan (DXM), and PMA. In 1995, hospitals participating in the Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN) reported 421 mentions of MDMA. These mentions document the number of times a reference to MDMA was made during a drug-related emergency department (ED) visit. The number of ED MDMA mentions reported in 2002 reached 4,026 out of more than 1 million total drug mentions. During 2002, approximately 75% of the ED MDMA mentions were attributed to ED patients age 25 and under. The primary reason for going to the ED after using MDMA was “unexpected reaction,” cited in 1,578 of the ED visits involving MDMA. Another 1,215 MDMA-related ED visits were the result of an overdose. |
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were you saying u wanted 2 give me karma? .... thought so! |